The second to last of the questions about God that Grok AI got the most is, 'Can God be proven yes or no, scientifically?' And while I felt much of this has already been answered, God moves me to dig a little deeper- although I won't be doing it by Grok's divisions of "cosmology, evolution, quantum physics". Instead, I found a very helpful article here that I am going to use as my work frame.
1- Science has found ample evidence that the universe had a beginning
Psa 119:89 Lamedh Forever, O LORD, your word is firmly fixed in the heavens.
Psa 119:90 Your faithfulness endures to all generations; you have established the earth, and it stands fast.
I've hit the Genesis 1:1 note several times here. But also, logically, nothing cannot begin anything. Anything that begins has a first cause. Scientists say that cosmic background radiation "shows" us the universe as far back as 700,000 years after the Big Bang- this, by Genesis, is when God divided the light from the dark (Gen. 1:4). Actual visible evidence (ie the most distant objects observed) they say pushes that envelope only to 700 million years after the Big Bang. To see the beginning, you'd have to be able to use a device to SEE God:
Joh 1:17 For the Law came through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
Joh 1:18 No one has seen God at any time; the Only-begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.
Albert Einstein had tried to negate the need for a beginning at first- when his equations showed an expanding universe, he introduced a "cosmological constant" to eliminate it. But soon, he was proven wrong; after reviewing Edward Hubble's evidence at Mt Wilson, he declared the CC the "biggest mathematical blunder" of his career. The universe WAS expanding- it HAD to have a beginning.
2- Science has found the universe to be fine-tuned for life.
Jer 33:25 Thus says the LORD: If I have not established my covenant with day and night and the fixed order of heaven and earth,
Jer 33:26 then I will reject the offspring of Jacob and David my servant and will not choose one of his offspring to rule over the offspring of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. For I will restore their fortunes and will have mercy on them.”
If there had been no designer, and something came from nothing, then how do we explain the preciseness of the laws of physics that govern all we observe? How do we send rockets into space without Newton's laws? How do we explain the interactions between matter and energy without E=MC2? And more- how do they happen to be just so as needed to sustain life? Deniers of God explain that "universes" have been created an infinite amount of times- usually just collapsing when the laws aren't amenable to their existence. We just "got lucky" that at least 30 scientific parameters needed for life exist in this particular universe. As someone once said, I don't have enough faith to believe THAT.
3-Scientists can’t explain the origin of life and its genetic code apart from an Originator.
Psa 139:15 My frame was not hidden from you, when I was being made in secret, intricately woven in the depths of the earth.
Psa 139:16 Your eyes saw my unformed substance; in your book were written, every one of them, the days that were formed for me, when as yet there was none of them.
Life is simply too complex. The article gives a great way to look at this:
In addition, the origin of life puzzle has a “chicken-and-egg question”—which came first, the chicken or the egg? In this case, to get life to occur, you need both the complete genetic code and the proteins—the machine parts—that read the code and build new proteins. Without the code, you can’t build proteins. And without proteins, you can’t process the code. So how could both have arisen at the same time?
4- Science has proven that biological life runs by millions of exquisitely programmed “robotic machines.”
By this they mean the various proteins that are coded to go back and forth in the cells doing certain jobs to maintain the cell. So, in evolution, these proteins would have to self-generate, assign each other tasks, stumble on how to re-produce themselves, etc, etc. One thing the article noted- science has yet to find NON-ORGANIC materials having any such structures.
5. Science has found the earliest evidence of life to be of great variety, fully formed and without transitions.
Let's let Darwin explain it:
Darwin predicted that as more of the fossil record was uncovered, it would show types of species gradually appearing, beginning with one or a few, and then multiplying from simple to more complex life forms. He wrote, “If numerous species . . . have really started into life at once, the fact would be fatal to the theory of evolution through natural selection” (Origin of Species, 1859, p. 305). Yet that is precisely what has been found—major body types appearing at what’s considered the beginning of the fossil record rather than in deposits laid down later.
Even scientists know that at least 70% of body types were first seen in what they call the Cambrian Explosion. The evidence is there for variety- but not for "intermediate steps."
6. Science has shown the earth to be a unique planet with so many “just right” conditions to sustain life.
Ah, yes, the Goldilocks zones. There are more than 200 known parameters, the article quotes Eric Metaxas, that have to be PRECISELY met for life on earth to exist.
Isa 45:18 For so says Jehovah the Creator of the heavens, He is God, forming the earth and making it; He makes it stand, not creating it empty, but forming it to be inhabited. I am Jehovah, and there is no other.
7. Science reveals the universe is precisely mathematically designed while allowing for free will.
Einstein liked inventing phrases such as "God does not play dice," "The Lord is subtle but not malicious." On one occasion Bohr answered, "Einstein, stop telling God what to do."
On the surface, we've already hit the first part of this; but check out this thought from the article:
Many scientists came to realize that not all is determined by matter and energy. Experiments show that an observer can alter a particle through means of observing it. The implications are that we can determine the outcome of our lives by the choices we make.
I would have to go into deep science to explain this. But it's enough to say, for all of the mathematical precision we have found in the universe, that precision does NOT apply to the human mind and emotions. Some things cannot be explained by mere theory.
Deu 29:29 “The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law.